CBD has gained popularity for its ability to manage pain, anxiety, and insomnia, but did you know that marijuana contains over 100 cannabinoids as well as terpenes and flavonoids with varying benefits and side effects? Here is a list of a few that might be worth checking into with your doctor:
- Cannabinoids
These are the primary active compounds in cannabis.
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
- Benefits:
- Euphoria/”high”
- Pain relief
- Appetite stimulation
- Nausea reduction (e.g., in chemotherapy)
- Muscle relaxation
- Side Effects:
- Anxiety or paranoia
- Impaired memory and coordination
- Dry mouth, red eyes
- Increased heart rate
- Dependence in some users
- Psychosis (rare but possible with high doses)
CBD (Cannabidiol)
- Benefits:
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anxiety and stress reduction
- Epilepsy/seizure control (FDA-approved drug: Epidiolex)
- Sleep support
- Potential neuroprotective effects
- Side Effects:
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Potential liver enzyme interaction
CBN (Cannabinol)
- Benefits:
- Sedative effects
- Pain relief
- Antibacterial
- Side Effects:
- Drowsiness
- Limited research on safety
CBG (Cannabigerol)
- Benefits:
- Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial
- Potential neuroprotectant
- May support mood and bladder health
- Side Effects:
- Very limited data; considered well-tolerated
THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
- Benefits:
- May suppress appetite (opposite of THC)
- Possible anti-seizure and anti-anxiety effects
- Side Effects:
- Can be stimulating in high doses
- Research is still early-stage
- Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds that influence cannabis’ scent and may contribute to its effects.
| Terpene | Common Effects | Sources Beyond Cannabis |
|---|---|---|
| Myrcene | Relaxation, sedation | Mangoes, thyme |
| Limonene | Uplifting, anti-anxiety | Citrus peels |
| Pinene | Alertness, anti-inflammatory | Pine needles, rosemary |
| Linalool | Calming, anti-anxiety | Lavender |
| Caryophyllene | Pain relief, anti-inflammatory | Black pepper, cloves |
Side effects of terpenes are typically mild but can include skin irritation or allergic reactions in some.
- Flavonoids
These compounds have been studied less but may contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Cannaflavins A, B, and C are unique to cannabis and may inhibit inflammation.
- Found also in other plants like fruits, vegetables, and teas.
- Side effects are not well-known; typically considered safe.
Considerations & Warnings
- Individual Response Varies: Effects can differ based on genetics, dosage, method of use, and other factors.
- Drug Interactions: Cannabis compounds may interact with medications, particularly those processed by the liver.
- Adolescents and Pregnant Individuals: Cannabis use is generally not recommended due to potential developmental risks.
When you get down to it, marijuana is a pretty magical plant and the compounds in it can be quite medicinal. One of the benefits of these compounds is that the side effects are often much milder than their pharmaceutical counterparts. If you are interested in trying CBD or one of the other elements that make up marijuana, then speak with your healthcare provider to assess your particular risks and benefits.
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